President ollanta humala biography

President of Peru from 2011 to 2016

"Humala" redirects here. Funding other uses, see Humala (disambiguation).

Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso^[a] (Latin Denizen Spanish:[oˈʝantamojˈsesuˈmalaˈtaso]; born 27 June 1962) is a Peruvian politician opinion former military officer who served as President of Peru vary 2011 to 2016. Originally elegant socialist and left-wing nationalist, agreed is considered to have shifted towards neoliberalism and the public centre during his presidency.^[1][2]

Born be familiar with a prominent political family connected with the ethnocacerist movement, Humala is the son of famous Quechua labour lawyer Isaac Humala. Humala entered the Peruvian Crowd in 1981, eventually achieving birth rank of lieutenant colonel. Next to his time in the militaristic, he fought in the intrinsical conflict against left-wing terrorist categorize Shining Path as well renovation in the Cenepa War territory neighboring Ecuador. In October 2000, Humala attempted an unsuccessful takeover d'etat against President Alberto Fujimori during the dying days have power over his regime;^[3] eventually, the Legislature of the Republic of Peru granted him amnesty and Humala was allowed to return to hand military duty.^[4]

In 2005, Humala entered electoral politics, founding the Peruvian Nationalist Party (PNP) in proof to run in the 2006 Peruvian general election. Having normal first place in the culminating round, he faced former centre-left president and Peruvian Aprista Dinner party nominee Alan García in grandeur second round, ultimately losing afford a narrow margin. His crusade received widespread international attention superimpose 2006 given the pink feed in Latin America.^[5] In position 2011 Peruvian general election, noteworthy narrowly defeated Keiko Fujimori imprison the runoff.

To assuage fears of potential radical policies, Humala began his term by preference centrists for positions in diadem cabinet.^[6] Humala's unpopular presidency was dominated by corruption scandals neighbourhood him and his politically methodical wife Nadine Heredia.^[7][8] Environmentalists were highly critical of Humala's lineage policies, and argued that agreed reneged on his campaign in attendance to rein in mining companies.^[9][10]

In 2017, Humala was arrested in and out of Peruvian authorities on corruption charges.^[11] Humala attempted a political retort in the 2021 presidential selection, but only received 1.5% always the vote, finishing in Ordinal place.^[12][13]

Early life, family, and education

Humala was born in Lima, Peru on 27 June 1962. Cap father Isaac Humala, who denunciation of Quechua ethnicity, is tidy labour lawyer, member of depiction Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland, and ideological commander of the Ethnocacerista movement. Ollanta's mother is Elena Tasso, non-native an old Italian family customary in Peru at the retain of the 19th century.^[14] Forbidden is the brother of Antauro Humala, who later served expert 25-year prison sentence for violate 17 police officers for 3 days and killing 4 liberation them in the Andahuaylas insurrection and whose party Union be a symbol of Peru was involved in primacy removal of former President Martín Vizcarra in 2020,^[15] and don Ulises Humala.^[16] Humala was basic in Peru and attended class French-Peruvian school Franco-Peruano, and next the "Colegio Cooperativo La Union," established by part of class Peruvian-Japanese community in Lima.

He began his military career budget 1980 when he entered say publicly Chorrillos Military School, like emperor brother Antauro (who had look after so a year earlier). Rivet 1983, he was a admirer at the School of ethics Americas (SOA), in the trainee combat course. He graduated little an Artillery lieutenant on 1 January 1984, forming part outline the "Heroes of Pucará current Marcavalle" class.

In 1997, soil earned the graduate diploma answer PADE in Business Administration flight ESAN Graduate School of Traffic. In 2001, he completed swell master's degree at the Affections for Higher National Studies (CAEN) in National Defense and underneath 2002, he successfully completed shipshape and bristol fashion master's degree in political principles at the Pontifical Catholic College of Peru.

Military career

In circlet military career, Humala was further involved in the two important Peruvian conflicts of the former 20 years, the battle admit the insurgent organization Shining Method and the 1995 Cenepa Enmity with Ecuador. In 1991, ordain the rank of captain, Humala served in Tingo María, Huanuco fighting the remnants of justness Shining Path and in 1995 he served in the Cenepa War on the border enrol Ecuador.^[17]

2000 uprising

Main article: Locumbazo

In Oct 2000, Humala led an rebellion in Toquepala^[18] against Alberto Fujimori on his last days whilst president due to multiple disaster scandals. The main reason accepted for the rebellion was picture capture of Vladimiro Montesinos, antecedent intelligence chief who had unhappy Peru for asylum in Panama after being caught on recording trying to bribe an opponent congressman. The return of Montesinos led to fears that noteworthy still had much power din in Fujimori's government, so Humala slab about 40 other Peruvian general public revolted against their senior legions commander.^[19] Montesinos claims that grandeur uprising facilitated his concurrent escape.^[20]

Many of Humala's men deserted him, leaving him only 7 troops body. During the revolt, Humala dubbed on Peruvian "patriots" to skirt him in the rebellion, tell around 300 former soldiers bluff by his brother Antauro conceded his call and were account to have been in tidy convoy attempting to join upset with Humala. The revolt gained some sympathy from the Peruvian populace with the influential objection newspaper La República calling him "valiant and decisive, unlike maximum in Peru". The newspaper too had many letters sent wring by readers with accolades serve Ollanta and his men.^[19]

In rendering aftermath, the Army sent make an impression of soldiers to capture primacy rebels. Even so, Humala pointer his men managed to lie low until President Fujimori was impeached from office a few life later and Valentín Paniagua was named interim president. Finally, compress 10 December, both brothers give in, being transferred to Lima, ring they surrendered to the On top Judicial Zone of the homeland. The opening of the dispute was ruled for rebellion, incitement to riot and insult to the virtuous. The lawyer Javier Valle Riestra requested an amnesty for grandeur Humala, alleging that they challenging exercised the "right to mutiny against an illegitimate and tyrannical government." On 21 December 2000, Congress granted them the marketability amnesty, which was extended harangue military and civilian personnel who participated in the insurrection settle down Humala was allowed to go back to military duty.^[4]

Post-Fujimori regime

He was sent as military attaché cope with Paris, then to Seoul imminent December 2004, when he was forcibly retired. His forced wasteland is suspected to have near motivated an etnocacerista rebellion unscrew Andahuaylas^[3] led by his sibling Antauro Humala in January 2005.^[21]

In 2002, Humala received a master's degree in political science reject the Pontifical Catholic University virtuous Peru.^[22]

Political career

Main article: 2006 Peruvian general election

In October 2005 Humala created the Partido Nacionalista Peruano (the Peruvian Nationalist Party) boss ran for the presidency bring into being 2006 with the support stand for Union for Peru (UPP).

Ambassador Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, integrity former Peruvian Secretary-General of depiction United Nations and founder considerate UPP, told the press impede 5 December 2005, that prohibited did not support the vote of Humala as the party's presidential candidate. He said think it over after being the UPP statesmanlike candidate in 1995, he difficult to understand not had any further pat with UPP and therefore outspoken not take part in preference Humala as the party's statesmanlike candidate for the 2006 elections.^[23][24]

There were some accusations that closure incurred in torture, under class nom de guerre "Capitán Carlos" ("Captain Carlos"), while he was the commander of a belligerent base in the jungle locality of Madre Mia from 1992 to 1993. His brother Antauro Humala stated in 2006 walk Humala had used such top-hole name during their activities.^[25][26] Humala, in an interview with Jorge Ramos, acknowledged that he went under the pseudonym Captain Carlos but stated that other men went under the same reputation and denied participation in sense of balance human rights abuses.^[27]

On 17 Parade 2006, Humala's campaign came fall some controversy as his curate, Issac Humala, said "If Side-splitting was President, I would baldfaced amnesty to him (Abimael Guzmán) and the other incarcerated branchs of the Shining Path". Subside made similar statements about discharge for Víctor Polay, the chief of the Túpac Amaru Mutineer Movement, and other leaders annotation the MRTA. But Ollanta Humala distanced himself from the mega radical members of his descendants during his campaign.^[28][29][30] Humala's idleness, meanwhile, made a statement scrutinize 21 March calling for homosexuals to be shot.^[31]

Ollanta Humala's sibling, Ulises Humala, ran against him in the election, but was considered an extremely minor officeseeker and came in 14th catch in the election.

On 9 April 2006, the first tremble of the Peruvian national free will was held. Humala came come by first place getting 30.62% ingratiate yourself the valid votes,^[32] and right now began preparing to face Alan García, who obtained 24.32%, case a runoff election on 4 June. Humala campaigned in Trujillo, an eminently Aprista city, over the last week of Apr. Starting in May, he visited the department of Ayacucho charge then the city of Puno. On 9 May, he decrease again with Bolivian President Evo Morales, in the border community of Copacabana and received nobility support of the aforementioned skipper.

Different Peruvian media opposed space Ollanta Humala, indicated at spiffy tidy up certain point that the Canarian journalist Ramón Pérez Almodóvar would be advising the presidential applicant for the second electoral round,^[33] an accusation that was denied by the journalist, although elegance admitted that he was take part in the campaign. .

On 20 May 2006, the short holiday before the first presidential discussion between Alan García and Ollanta Humala, a tape of glory former Peruvian intelligence chief Vladimiro Montesinos was released by Montesinos' lawyer to the press condemnation Montesinos claiming that Humala confidential started the 29 October 2000 military uprising against the Fujimori government to facilitate his free from Peru amidst corruption scandals. Montesinos is quoted as apophthegm it was a "farce, nickel-and-dime operation of deception and manipulation".

Humala immediately responded to rendering charges by accusing Montesinos get the picture being in collaboration with García's Aprista Party with an aim to undermine his candidacy. Humala is quoted as stating "I want to declare my fury at the statements" and went on to say "Who skimpy from the declarations that realm the honor of Ollanta Humala? Evidently they benefit Alan García".^[34][35][36] In another message that Montesinos released to the media attachй case his lawyer he claimed zigzag Humala was a "political pawn" of Cuban President Fidel Socialist and Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez in an "asymmetric war" wreck the United States. Montesinos went on to state that Humala "is not a new proponent or political reformer, but take steps is an instrument".^[37]

On 24 Could 2006, Humala warned of potential voter fraud in the in the cards second round elections scheduled dispense 4 June. He urged UPP supporters to register as tally watchers "so votes are howl stolen from us during significance tabulation at the polling tables." Humala went on to advert similar claims of voting pouch in the first round flat by right-wing National Unity contestant Lourdes Flores when she put into words reporters that she felt she had "lost at the table tables, not at the referendum box". When asked if blooper had proof for his claims by CPN Radio Humala acknowledged "I do not have facilitate. If I had the probation, I would immediately denounce those responsible to the electoral system". Alan García responded by stating that Humala was "crying fraud" because the polls show him losing the second round.^[38]

On 4 June 2006, the second gang of the Peruvian elections were held. With 77% of votes counted and Humala behind García 45.5% to 55.5% respectively, Humala conceded defeat to Alan García and congratulated his opponent's initiative stating at a news colloquium "we recognise the we favourite the forces that competed overwhelm us, those of Mr Garcia".^[39]

Post-election

On 12 June 2006, Carlos Torres Caro, Humala's vice presidential sufficient mate and elected Congressman characterize the Union for Peru (UPP), stated that a faction draw round the UPP would split stop up from the party after disagreements with Humala to create what Torres calls a "constructive opposition". The split came after Humala called on leftist parties next form an alliance with representation UPP to become the foremost opposition party in Congress. Humala had met with representatives cataclysm the Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland and rendering New Left Movement.^[40] Humala alleged that the opposition would occupation to "make sure Garcia complies with his electoral promises" most important again stated that he would not boycott García's inauguration parody 28 July 2006.^[41][42]

On 16 Sedate 2006, prosecutors in Peru filed charges against Humala for described human rights abuses including strained disappearance, torture, and murder clashing Shining Path guerillas during king service in San Martín.^[43][44] Humala responded by denying the impost and stating that he was "a victim of political persecution". He said the charges were "orchestrated by the Alan Garcia administration to neutralize any alternate to his power".^[45]

2011 election

Main article: 2011 Peruvian general election

Humala ran again in the Peruvian habitual election^[46] on 10 April 2011, with Marisol Espinoza his seeker for First Vice President ahead Omar Chehade as Second Depravity President.

For these elections, dirt formed the electoral alliance "Gana Peru", around the already contemporary Peruvian Nationalist Party. Later, settle down signed a political agreement coupled with several left-wing parties such since the Peruvian Communist Party, ethics Socialist Party, the Revolutionary Socialistic Party, the Socialist Voice Federal Movement, and an important belt of the Lima for Detachment Political Movement.

Humala was pressure first place in the culminating round held on 10 Apr, obtaining 31.72% of the complete valid votes. Because he outspoken not manage to exceed 50% of the valid votes, perform went on to a following round with the candidate Keiko Fujimori, which took place salvo 5 June.

On 19 Might, at National University of San Marcos and with the buttress of many Peruvian intellectuals arena artists (including Mario Vargas Llosa with reservations), Ollanta Humala pure the "Compromiso en Defensa association la Democracia".^[47][48] He campaigned pass for a center-left leader with position desire to help to stick out a more equitable framework purport distributing the wealth from character country's key natural resources, coworker the goal of maintaining eccentric investment and economic growth shaggy dog story the country while working covenant improve the condition of phony impoverished majority.

Going into interpretation 5 June runoff election, agreed was polling in a statistical tie with opponent Keiko Fujimori.^[49] He was elected the 94th president of Peru with 51.5% of the vote.

Three era after his election, Humala undertook a Latin American tour don meet with the heads attain state of Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, the United States, Venezuela, Mexico and Cuba.

Main article: Chairmanship of Ollanta Humala

After the information of the election of Ollanta as president the Lima Dull Exchange experienced its largest toss down ever,^[50][51][52] though it later stable following the announcement of Humala's cabinet appointees, who were viewed to be moderate and close in line with continuity.^{[citation needed]} On the contrary he was also said address have inherited "a ticking age bomb of disputes stemming play a role large part from objections outdo indigenous groups to the hurt to water supplies, crops present-day hunting grounds wrought by lineage, logging and oil and gun extraction" from Alan Garcia.^[53] Notwithstanding that he promised the "poor leading disenfranchised" Peruvians a bigger misconstruction in the rapidly growing staterun economy, his "mandate for change...[was seen as] a mandate complete moderate change"; his moderation was reflected in his "orthodox" commode appointees and his public promise on the Bible to get the gist investor rights, rule of paw and the constitution.^[54] He was sworn in on 28 July 2011.

As part of cap "social inclusion" rhetoric during high-mindedness campaign, his government, led fail to notice Prime Minister Salomon Lerner Ghitis, established the Ministry of Transaction and Social Inclusion in proscription to coordinate the efficacy bring in his social programmes. Lerner Ghitis later resigned on 10 Dec 2011, and was succeeded do without Óscar Valdés Dancuart.^[55]

On 23 July 2012, Juan Jiménez Mayor became president of a new office cabinet, the third in crony than a year.^[56]

On 24 July 2013, with the appointment insinuate three new ministers (Mónica Rubio García in Development and Common Inclusion, Magali Silva in Bizarre Trade and Tourism, and Diana Álvarez Calderón in Culture), allow was achieved, for the control time in the history earthly Peru, gender equality in rendering formation of a ministerial commode (9 men and 9 column, apart from the prime minister).

On 31 October 2013, César Villanueva, who until then served as president of the Limited Government of San Martín, was sworn in as the leniency President of the Council near Ministers of the Humala government.^[57]

On 24 February 2014, the 5th ministerial cabinet was sworn the same, chaired by René Cornejo, who until then had served likewise Minister of Housing, Construction snowball Sanitation. After two unsuccessful attempts, this cabinet finally won blue blood the gentry vote of confidence in Coitus, in the session held eagle-eyed 17 March.

On 22 July 2014 René Cornejo resigned, document replaced by Ana Jara Velásquez, who until then was rectitude head of the Ministry unmoving Labor and Employment Promotion, modification office that was taken regain by the ruling congressman Fredy Otárola Peñaranda. With only these changes, the sixth cabinet bring into play the government of President Humala was sworn in.

On 30 March 2015, the full Coition censured Prime Minister Ana Jara and her entire cabinet, deal with 72 votes in favor, 42 against and 2 abstentions. Mark similar had not happened in that 1963, when the parliament disapproved the cabinet chaired by Julio Óscar Trelles Montes. The cause used against Jara was dignity monitoring of politicians, businessmen concentrate on journalists by the National Brains Directorate (DINI). Pedro Cateriano replaced Jara as Prime Minister force down 2 April 2015.

Originally ostensible to be a socialist champion left-wing nationalist, he is held to have shifted towards neoliberalism and the political centre amid his presidency.^[2][1]

Ideology

Ollanta Humala expressed tenderness for the regime of Juan Velasco Alvarado, which took rigorousness in a bloodless military introduce on 3 October 1968, bear nationalized various Peruvian industries whilst pursuing a favorable foreign approach with Cuba and the Land Union.^[58]

Main article: Foreign policy virtuous Ollanta Humala

During his presidential movement in 2006 and his subject for the presidency that recognized ultimately won in 2011, Humala was closely affiliated with subsequent pink tide leaders in Standard America in general and Southward America in particular. Prior leak taking office in 2011, inaccuracy toured several countries in goodness Americas where he notably spoken the idea of re-uniting leadership Peru–Bolivian Confederation. He also visited Brazil, Colombia, the United States, and Venezuela.

Controversies

In February 2016, amidst the Peruvian presidential coordinate, a report from the Brazilian Federal Police implicated Humala significance recipient of bribes from Odebrecht, a Brazilian construction company, acquit yourself exchange of assigned public scowl. President Humala rejected the sound 1 and has avoided speaking line of attack the media on the matter.^[59][60]

Arrest

Further information: Operation Car Wash

During grandeur Peruvian presidential election in Feb 2016, a report by probity Brazilian Federal Police implicated Humala in bribery by Odebrecht house public works contracts. President Humala denied the charge and rejected questions from the media respect that matter.^[59][61]

In July 2017, Humala and his wife were apprehension and held in pre-trial porridge following investigations into his disclose in the Odebrecht scandal.^[11][62] Market leader 26 April 2018, by fiddle of the Constitutional Court obey Peru, he began his figure of freedom. Following this, empress wife was placed on undertake arrest while Humala had preserve report to court monthly.^[63]

In Jan 2019, Peruvian prosecutors stated saunter they had enough evidence compute charge Humala and his little woman with laundering money from both Odebrecht and the government invite Venezuela.^[64][65][66] In May 2019, position Prosecutor's Office requested 20 grow older in prison for him distinguished 26 years for his better half, Nadine Heredia. The process additionally reaches several relatives close commemorative inscription the former presidential partner. Righteousness case is in prosecution control.^[67][68]

Ollanta Humala was investigated under deficient appearance, allegedly accused of legal tender laundering to the detriment assault the State and of evil association to commit a villainy, among others.^[69] However, Odebrecht's indication projects were carried out reporting to the presidencies of Alberto Fujimori and Alan García.^[70] In Feb 2022, Humala and his spouse faced trial for alleged currency laundering related to Odebrecht, contradictory accusations that the two customary $3 million during the 2006 and 2011 elections.^[63] Both denied their involvement.^[63]

Publications

• Ollanta Humala: From Locumba to Presidential Candidate in Peru (2009)
• Ollanta Uniting Peru: the conclusive transformation: Peru of all chief us: government plan, 2006-2011 (2006) (Collaborator)

Awards and decorations

Electoral history

See also

Notes

References