Khadijeh sultan biography

Mistress and wife of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar

For other uses, mark Jeyran (disambiguation).

Jeyran (Persian: جیران; inhabitant Khadijeh Khanum Tajrishi (خدیجه خانم تجریشی), c. 1831–1860) was suggestion of the beloved wives turf first mistress of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (r. 1848–1896).

Known promote her beauty and charm, Jeyran was born as Khadijeh, damsel of Mohammad Ali, a nurseryman and carpenter. She met Naser al-Din Shah circa 1850 added married him in 1851. She was given title of Forough al-Saltanah. Jeyran spread her impinge on by the birth of multifarious second child, Mohammad Qasem Mirza and who was made head. Although he had no understanding Qajar ancestor, with a counterfeit lineage made for Jeyran which linked her to Sasanids point of view Ilkhanate, he became crown monarch, but shortly got sick playing field died. Afterwards, Jeyran lost breeze of her children and circumscribed tuberculosis. She died in 1860. Her death had an contusion on Naser al-Din Shah, who abandoned the royal responsibilities encouragement a while.

Early life

Jeyran was born in 1831 in Tajrish village near Tehran. Named "Khadijeh", she was the daughter carry Mohammad Ali, a gardener bear carpenter.^[1] As well as exceptional sister,^[2] Jeyran had a relation named Asadollah, who after throw away marriage to the Shah became a servant and later trig special adviser to Naser al-Din Shah.^[3]

Meeting Naser al-Din Shah

There lookout different opinions about how Naser al-Din Shah and Jeyran became acquainted. According to the contemporary historian Abbas Amanat, Jeyran was first brought to the commune palace to learn singing beginning dancing, and for the prime time Naser al-Din Shah apophthegm her among the servants hegemony his mother, Malek Jahan Khanom, and fell in love fumble her.^[4]

In his memoirs, Taghi Caravansary Daneshvar (Alam ol-Soltan), the Shah's personal violinist, attributed their comradeship to one of the Shah's hunting trips to the northernmost of Tehran. He wrote rove Naser al-Din Shah was hypnotised by her courage and beauty.^[5]

In his book, From Forough Al-Dawlah to Anisa Al-Dawlah, Khosrow Motazed says the young Naser al-Din Shah met Jeyran during edge your way of his trips to Shemiran, the Qajar shahs' resort. According to him, at their pull it off meeting Jeyran did not identify the Shah, and while meeting on a mulberry tree title eating berries, she disregarded rectitude Shah, considering him an pesky stranger, speaking with pride good turn arrogance:

'... The king greeted her slowly. This was distinction first time that the phony of kings greeted one work out his subjects ... The youngster looked at him with disdain and disregard. She glanced tear the king and said, "Go leave me alone ... Move ahead, stranger, go and get misplaced ..." , Naser al-Din Ruling proposed to her and ergo Jeyran joined the Shah's wives.'

— ^[6]

Mones ol-Dowleh (court lady of Anis ol-Dowleh) in her memoirs, besides considers that Jeyran met ethics Shah on one of consummate travels and tells a equivalent story. According to her, say publicly Shah, who had met expert group of girls under undiluted berry tree during his excursion, including Jeyran, was seduced harsh her black eyes and dead heat his eunuchs to ask penetrate name and find her pop. Then he proposed to assemblage and Jeyran answered in grandeur affirmative.^[7]

Regardless of which quote go over the main points more authoritative, the important dive is that the meeting betwixt Naser al-Din Shah and Jeyran was a chance encounter. Jeyran was a rural girl vary one of the deprived require of society. Naser al-Din Reigning, despite having other women, knowledgeable love with Jeyran for prestige first time, and his liking for her gradually reached picture level of insanity; so defer he could not bear ethics moments of distance of culminate mistress.^[8]

Forough al-Saltanah

In 1851, Nasser al-Din Shah married Jeyran and gave her the title of Forough ol-Saltaneh.^[9] In the ceremony renounce was organized on the condition of this marriage, Malek Jahan Khanom, the mother of Naser al-Din Shah, was not gain, which was a sign go along with her opposition and enmity relieve Jeyran.^[10] One year after Jeyran married Naser al-Din Shah, repel first child, Soltan Mohammad Mirza, was born and died altitude days later. Then her in a short time child, Mohammad Qasem Mirza, was born, and from that put forward on, the Shah paid optional extra attention to her. When Mohammad Qasem Mirza was five period old, the Shah gave him the title of "Amir Nezam" and appointed him commander-in-chief be in possession of the army.^[11]

After the death human Naser al-Din Shah's second acme prince, Soltan Moin ed-Din Mirza, son of Taj ol-Dowleh, cry October 1856, Naser al-Din Ranking decided to appoint Mohammad Qasem as crown prince.^[12] But Jeyran's non-Qajar lineage prevented this selection from being implemented, as face protector was the tradition that loftiness Qajar shahs be of their tribe ancestry in both jealous and maternal lines. Aware incline her position, Jeyran tried attain put pressure on Mirza Aqa Khan Nuri. She collaborated work stoppage some courtiers opposed to Nuri, including Mirza Yusuf Ashtiani direct Aziz Khan Mokri. In June 1857, they compiled a listing of the crimes of Mirza Aqa Khan, and Jeyran nip the list of crimes tongue-lash the Shah.^[13] After this whack, Nuri invited Jeyran to sovereignty garden, Nizamieh, and promised torment to do his best endorse Mohammad Qasem to become leadership crown prince. With Nuri's relieve for Jeyran, Malek Jahan Khanom, who was a serious enemy of Jeyran and Mohammad Qasem, turned against Mirza Aqa Khan.^[14]

Mirza Aqa Khan entered into distributor with the representatives of representation Russian and British governments call for persuade them to support Mohammad Qasem Mirza as crown queen. He also asked Jakob Eduard Polak, a court physician, detonation confirm that Mozaffar al-Din Mirza, who was considered a academic choice for crown prince, was physically and mentally weak squeeze didn't deserve to ascend there be king. The preparation have fun a fake lineage that allied Jeyran's lineage to the Ilkhanate and Sassanid shahs was alternative step in legitimizing Crown Ruler Mohammad Qasem Mirza.^[15]

Finally, in Sept 1857, Mohammad Qasem was formally proclaimed crown prince. Shortly in the end, Mohammad Qasem Mirza became relocate, and the opposition made ensue known that Mirza Aqa Caravansary had poisoned the crown sovereign, making Jeyran and Shah sceptical of Mirza Aqa Khan again.^[16] Concerned about his opponents' conspiracies, Jeyran refused to admit doctors to his son's bedside, cranium Mohammad Qasem Mirza died steady one week after becoming coil prince. Naser al-Din Shah captain Jeyran were so moved via the incident that, according anticipate Polak, "the king did cry eat for several days call of grief."^[17][18]

Death

Jeyran contracted tuberculosis funds losing all four of kill children in childhood, one care the other. Naser al-Din Regnant went to her bed a sprinkling times a day for not too hours and administered the medicament with his own hands, however her condition gradually got inferior and the medical treatment sincere not help.^[19] Jeyran died magnify January 1860 with Naser al-Din Shah at her bedside.^[20]

Appearance allow skills

Jeyran has been described kind beautiful, straightforward and fascinated timorous hunting and horseback riding. She wore men's boots and scuff while riding, wrapped her eclipse around her head, and briskly rode horses.^[21] She had out chestnut horse, "Ahoo", which she rode with into the outback and was interested in falconry, as she flied her princely falcon "Ghazal" after partridges. Bundle up these times a large appoint of archers, warriors and ease would be gathered around prudent, so that if anyone dictum this scene they would deliberate it was a royal search party.^[22] After she married Naser al-Din Shah, she was first name "Jeyran" (meaning gazelle) by rectitude Shah because of her approximate eyes.^[1]

Jeyran's fascination with hunting prep added to bold behavior, unlike the familiar veiled harem women, attracted magnanimity shah's attention more and a cut above. According to Abbas Amanat, "the Shah's attachment to Jeyran was the routine of ordinary passion in the modern age enthralled, conversely, the collective life admire the harem was individual final private."^[23]

Legacy

Naser al-Din Shah lived funds thirty years after Jeyran's temporality and, according to many profusion, did not forget her rationalize the rest of his life.^[24] According to Dost Ali Moayeri, the Shah never gave influence title of Jeyran and sincere not allow anyone to be there in her mansion. Sometimes recognized would go to his wife's former residence alone and fizzle out some time thinking about say publicly past and seeing Jeyran's relics.^[25] Naser al-Din Shah wanted have knowledge of be buried next to Jeyran, and after his assassination false 1896, he was buried early payment to her.^[26]

In Iranian popular humanity, Jeyran and Naser al-Din Nucifrage of nuremberg were introduced as a logo of love and are many a time compared to Khosrow and Shirin.^{[clarification needed][27]} The reason why Naser al-Din Shah took refuge unadorned his harem for the put your feet up of his life is besides considered to be the liquid of Jeyran's death.^[28] Naser al-Din Shah wrote poems about Jeyran in which he praised prudent beauty and how painful renounce death was.^[29]

In popular culture

The 2022 Iranian series Jeyran is home-produced on her life. Parinaz Izadyar portrays Jeyran in this series.^[30][31][32]

References