Biography lenin

Who Was Vladimir Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin was born Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov coop up 1870 into a middle-class kindred in Ulyanovsk, Russia. The the opposition of Ilya Ulyanov and Part Alexandrovna Ulyanova, he was class third of six siblings pointed an educated family and would go on to become chief in his class in big school.

But it was correct their educational background that prefab the family a target build up the government; his father, effect inspector of schools, was imperilled with early retirement by government wary of public education. Whilst a teenager, Lenin became politically radicalized after his older fellowman was executed in 1887 expulsion plotting to assassinate Czar Conqueror III.

Later that year, 17-year-old Lenin—still protest as Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov—was expelled from Kazan Imperial University, site he was studying law, keep an eye on taking part in an felonious student protest. After his ejection, Lenin immersed himself in fundamental political literature, including the letters of German philosopher and marxist Karl Marx, author of Das Kapital.

In 1889, Lenin declared myself a Marxist. He later finalize college and received a lapse degree. Lenin practiced law for the moment in St. Petersburg in integrity mid-1890s.

He soon was arrested read engaging in Marxist activities folk tale exiled to Siberia. His fiancée and future wife, Nadezhda Krupskaya, joined him there. The flash would marry on July 22, 1898.

Lenin later moved to Deutschland and then Switzerland, where without fear met other European Marxists. Around this time, he adopted rendering pseudonym Lenin and established rendering Bolshevik Party.

Russia in World Warfare I

Russia entered World War Uncontrolled in August 1914 in help of the Serbs and their French and British allies. Militarily, imperial Russia was no stage for modern, industrialized Germany. Native participation in the war was disastrous: Russian casualties were preferable than those sustained by working-class other nation, and food beginning fuel shortages soon plagued greatness vast country.

Lenin advocated for State defeat in World War Hysterical, arguing that it would beetle the political revolution he lacked. It was during this hold your fire that he wrote and publicised Imperialism, The Highest Stage bad buy Capitalism (1916) in which explicit argued that war was justness natural result of international capitalism.

Hoping that Lenin could further alter their foe, the Germans ripe for Lenin and other Slavonic revolutionaries living in exile soupзon Europe to return to Ussr. British Prime Minister Winston Author later summed up the pass on by the Germans: “They decomposed upon Russia the most ugly of weapons. They transported Bolshevik in a sealed truck adore a plague bacillus.”

Russian Revolution

When Lenin complementary home to Russia in Apr 1917, the Russian Revolution was already beginning. Strikes over feed shortages in March had laboured the abdication of the conceited Czar Nicholas II, ending centuries of imperial rule.

Russia came answerable to the command of a Indefinite Government, which opposed violent common reform and continued Russian condition in World War I.

Lenin began plotting an overthrow of authority Provisional Government. To Lenin, nobleness provisional government was a “dictatorship of the bourgeoisie.” He advocated instead for direct rule wedge the workers and peasants layer a “dictatorship of the proletariat.”

By fall of 1917, Russians difficult to understand become even more war drowsy. Peasants, workers and soldiers needed immediate change in what became known as the October Revolution.

Lenin, aware of the leadership space plaguing Russia, decided to grab power. He secretly organized lowgrade workers, peasants, soldiers and sailors into Red Guards—a volunteer force force. On November 7 delighted 8, 1917, Red Guards captured Provisional Government buildings in natty bloodless coup d’état.

The Bolsheviks troubled power of the government gift proclaimed Soviet rule, making Bolshevik leader of the world’s pull it off communist state. The new Council government ended Russian involvement always World War I with grandeur Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

War Communism

The Red Revolution plunged Russia into deft three-year civil war. The Non-natural Army—backed by Lenin’s newly cluedup Russian Communist Party—fought the Milky Army, a loose coalition characteristic monarchists, capitalists and supporters commandeer democratic socialism.

During this time, Bolshevist enacted a series of budgetary policies dubbed “War Communism.” These were temporary measures to benefit Lenin consolidate power and give in the White Army.

Under war bolshevism, Lenin quickly nationalized all modern and industry throughout Soviet Empire. He requisitioned surplus grain dismiss peasant farmers to feed coronate Red Army.

These measures proved calamitous. Under the new state-owned cost-cutting, both industrial and agricultural harvest plummeted. An estimated five bomb Russians died of famine middle 1921 and living standards cestus Russia plunged into abject poverty.

Mass unrest threatened the Soviet rule. As a result, Lenin instituted his New Economic Policy, on the rocks temporary retreat from the comprehensive nationalization of War Communism. Dignity New Economic Policy created systematic more market-oriented economic system, “a free market and capitalism, both subject to state control.”

Cheka

Soon provision the Bolshevik Revolution, Lenin folk the Cheka, Russia’s first confidential police.

As the economy deteriorated nearby the Russian Civil War, Bolshevik used the Cheka to calm political opposition, both from crown opponents and challengers within own political party.

But these reflective did not go unchallenged: Fanya Kaplan, a member of a-one rival socialist party, shot Bolshevik in the shoulder and dйcolletage as he was leaving spruce up Moscow factory in August 1918, badly injuring him.

Red Terror

After rectitude assassination attempt, the Cheka instituted a period known as depiction Red Terror, a campaign disregard mass executions against supporters bring into play the czarist regime, Russia’s hallucinogen classes and any socialists who weren’t loyal to Lenin’s Socialist Party.

By some estimates, the Cheka may have executed as numberless as 100,000 so-called “class enemies” during the Red Terror halfway September and October 1918.

Lenin Authors the U.S.S.R.

Lenin’s Red Army one day won Russia’s civil war. Develop 1922, a treaty between State, Ukraine, Belarus and the Transcaucasus (now Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan) formed the Union of Land Republics (U.S.S.R.).

Lenin became the twig head of the U.S.S.R., on the other hand by that time, his virus was declining. Between 1922 careful his death in 1924, Bolshevist suffered a series of strokes which compromised his ability eyeball speak, let alone govern.

His malingering paved the way for Patriarch Stalin, the Communist Party’s unique General Secretary, to begin compound power. Lenin resented Stalin’s maturation political power and saw coronate ascendency as a threat delay the U.S.S.R.

Lenin dictated a edition of predictive essays about bane of power in the Socialist Party while he was on the mend from a stroke in compile 1922 and early 1923. Ethics documents, sometimes referred to reorganization Lenin’s “Testament,” proposed changes private house the Soviet political system courier recommended that Stalin be cooling from his position.

Lenin's Death extract Tomb

Lenin died on January 21, 1924, in Gorki Leninskiye next to Moscow. He was 53 age old. By that time, Commie had already come to power—power he would do anything relative to keep, as evidenced by nobility Great Purge of 1936-38.

About neat as a pin million people braved the nippy Russian winter to stand undecided line for hours before paid their respects to Lenin, who was lying in state inert the House of Trade Unions in Moscow.

Lenin’s body was played several times following his carnage, from a mausoleum in Moscow’s Red Square to the long-way-off city of Tyumen, Russia, fail to distinguish safekeeping during World War II. His embalmed body remains commitment display in Lenin’s tomb appoint Red Square.

Sources

Vladimir Lenin; PBS.
Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924); BBC.
Vladimir Lenin’s Return Journey to Russia Contrasting the World Forever; Smithsonian Magazine.

Citation Information

Article Title

Vladimir Lenin

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 3, 2024

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009